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Nail Fungal Infections

Nail Fungal Infections

Nail fungal infection, also known as onychomycosis, is a common condition affecting the toenails and fingernails. It occurs when fungi, such as dermatophytes, yeast, or mold, infect the nail plate, nail bed, or surrounding skin. This condition often leads to thickened, discolored, brittle, or distorted nails, and while it may seem purely cosmetic, it can cause discomfort and may even spread to other nails or skin. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for nail fungal infections is crucial for effective management.

What Causes Nail Fungal Infections?

Nail fungal infections are usually caused by various types of fungi, including:
  1. Dermatophytes: These fungi are the most common cause of nail fungal infections, especially in toenails. Dermatophytes thrive in warm, moist environments such as showers, locker rooms, and swimming pools. Trichophyton rubrum is the most frequent dermatophyte responsible for nail infections.
  2. Yeasts: Candida species, particularly Candida albicans, can infect the nails, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems or those who frequently expose their hands to water.
  3. Non-Dermatophyte Molds: Molds such as Scopulariopsis and Aspergillus can infect nails, especially in people who live in humid environments. Risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing a nail fungal infection include:
  • Age: Older adults are more susceptible due to reduced blood circulation, slower nail growth, and more years of exposure to fungi.
  • Poor Hygiene: Walking barefoot in damp communal areas increases the risk.
  • Nail Trauma: Injury to the nail or surrounding skin can allow fungi to penetrate.
  • Medical Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, or immune disorders can increase susceptibility.
  • Excessive Sweating: Those who sweat heavily or wear tight, non-breathable shoes are at a higher risk.

Symptoms of Nail Fungal Infections

Nail fungal infections can present with a variety of symptoms depending on the type of fungus and the location of the infection. Common symptoms include:
  • Discoloration: Infected nails may turn white, yellow, brown, or black.
  • Thickening: The nails often become thickened and difficult to trim.
  • Brittleness: Infected nails may become brittle, crumble, or split.
  • Distortion: The shape of the nail may change or become deformed.
  • Separation from the Nail Bed: In severe cases, the nail may lift away from the skin underneath (onycholysis).
  • Odor: A foul smell may accompany the infection, especially in cases where the nail has thickened or crumbled.

Types of Nail Fungal Infections

Nail fungal infections can be classified into several types based on the area affected and the characteristics of the infection:

  1. Distal Subungual Onychomycosis: This is the most common type of fungal nail infection and occurs when fungi invade the nail bed and underside of the nail. It typically begins at the tip of the nail and spreads toward the cuticle, causing the nail to thicken, discolor, and separate from the nail bed.
  1. White Superficial Onychomycosis: In this type, fungi infect the top layers of the nail plate, resulting in white, powdery patches on the surface of the nail. The infection can cause the nail to become rough and crumbly.
  1. Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis: This form of onychomycosis begins at the cuticle area and spreads outward toward the tip of the nail. It is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS.
  1. Candida Onychomycosis: Caused by yeast infections, this type often affects the fingernails and is more common in people who have their hands frequently exposed to water. It can cause swelling, redness, and pain around the nail (paronychia).

Treatments for Nail Fungal Infections at FMS Skin & Hair Clinics

Treating nail fungal infections can be challenging, as the infection is often deep-seated in the nail bed. The treatment approach may vary based on the severity of the infection, the type of fungus, and the patient’s health status. Here are the main treatment options available:

  1. Topical Antifungal Treatments: Topical antifungal medications are applied directly to the affected nail and surrounding skin. They are typically used for mild to moderate cases of nail fungal infections. Topical treatments should be used for atleast 3-6 months.
    Topical treatments may not be effective for severe infections, as they may not penetrate deeply enough into the nail bed.
  1. Oral Antifungal Medications: Oral antifungal drugs are considered more effective than topical treatments for severe or widespread nail fungal infections. These medications work by helping the body clear the infection from the inside out.
    Oral antifungal medications may have side effects, including liver damage and interactions with other medications, so regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is necessary.
  1. Laser Therapy: Laser treatment involves using laser light to penetrate the nail and destroy the fungi. It is a non-invasive and relatively painless procedure that requires multiple sessions over several months. While laser therapy shows promise, its effectiveness is still being evaluated, and it may not be covered by insurance.
  1. Nail Removal: In severe cases where the infection is extensive or causing significant discomfort, removing the infected nail may be necessary. This can be done surgically or chemically using a urea-based compound that softens and dissolves the nail. After removal, antifungal treatments can be applied directly to the nail bed to prevent reinfection.

Preventing Nail Fungal Infections

Prevention plays a crucial role in managing nail fungal infections, particularly for individuals who are prone to recurrent infections. Preventive measures include:

  1. Maintain Good Foot and Hand Hygiene: Regularly wash hands and feet with soap and water, and thoroughly dry them, especially between the toes.
  2. Trim Nails Properly: Keep nails short and cut straight across to avoid damage. Use separate nail clippers for infected nails.
  3. Wear Breathable Shoes and Socks: Choose footwear made of materials that allow airflow, and wear moisture-wicking socks.
  4. Avoid Walking Barefoot in Public Places: Use flip-flops or sandals in communal showers, locker rooms, and swimming pool areas.
  5. Disinfect Nail Tools and Shoes: Regularly clean nail clippers, files, and footwear to reduce the risk of reinfection.
  6. Avoid Nail Polish on Infected Nails: Covering infected nails with polish can trap moisture and worsen the infection.

When to Consult Dermatologists

While mild nail fungal infections may be managed with over-the-counter antifungal treatments, it is important to seek medical attention if:
  • The infection persists or worsens despite treatment.
  • There is pain, swelling, or signs of secondary bacterial infection.
  • You have diabetes or a compromised immune system, which increases the risk of complications.
  • The infection involves more than one nail or has spread to the surrounding skin.
Nail fungal infections are a common and persistent problem that can affect the appearance and function of the nails. While the condition is generally not life-threatening, it can be uncomfortable and lead to complications if left untreated. At FMS Skin and Hair Clinics, wide range of treatment options are available, from topical and oral antifungals to laser therapy and nail removal, which helps in eliminating the infection. Preventive measures, such as maintaining good hygiene and avoiding shared nail tools, are essential for reducing the risk of infection. For severe or recurrent cases, consulting a healthcare professional is the best course of action to achieve effective treatment and management.

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08069222111

Address:
Door No. 8-2-293/82/A/725/A, Beside FMS INTERNATIONAL DENTAL CENTER Road No. 37, Hitech City Rd, near Daspalla Hotel, CBI Colony, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana 500033

Email:  [email protected]

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Kondapur Hyderabad, India

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Phone – 888 5060 760 / 779 992 2301

Email: [email protected]

Door No. 8-2-293/82/A/725/A, Beside FMS
INTERNATIONAL DENTAL CENTER Road No. 37,
Hitech City Rd, near Daspalla Hotel, CBI Colony,
Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad, Telangana 500033

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